Who ruled the world in 1938?
The world wars: 71 states on the map for 1938, 71 with a known leader. Open the interactive map and move the slider to 1938 to see their borders.
| State | Led by in 1938 |
|---|---|
| Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939) | Zogu I (Ahmet Zogu) (King); Kostaq Kota (Prime minister) details |
| Andorra | Justí Guitart i Vilardebó (Episcopal Co-Prince); Albert François Lebrun (French Co-Prince) details |
| Argentina | Agustín Pedro Justo (President); Roberto María Ortiz (President) details |
| Australia | George VI (King); Joseph Lyons (Prime minister) details |
| Basutoland | Nathaniel Griffith Lerotholi (Paramount Chief) details |
| Belgium | Leopold III (King); Paul-Émile Janson (Prime minister); Paul-Henri Spaak (Prime minister) details |
| Bolivia | Germán Busch (Chairman of the Government Junta) details |
| Brunei | Ahmad Tajuddin (Sultan) details |
| Canada | George VI (King); William Lyon Mackenzie King (Prime minister) details |
| Colombia | Alfonso López Pumarejo (President); Eduardo Santos Montejo (President) details |
| Denmark | Christian X (King); Thorvald Stauning (Prime minister) details |
| Dominion of New Zealand | George VI (King); Michael Joseph Savage (Prime minister) details |
| Dominion of Newfoundland | George VI (King) details |
| Ecuador | Manuel María Borrero (Interim President); Alberto Enríquez Gallo (Jéfe Supremo); Aurelio Mosquera (President) details |
| El Salvador | Maximiliano Hernández Martínez (President) details |
| Emirate of Transjordan | Abdullah I (Emir); Ibrahim Hashem (Prime minister); Tawfik Abu al-Huda (Prime minister) details |
| Empire of Japan | Hirohito (Emperor); Fumimaro Konoe (Prime minister) details |
| Estonia | Konstantin Päts (President-Regent); Konstantin Päts (President); Kaarel Eenpalu (Prime minister) details |
| Finland | Kyösti Kallio (President); Aimo Cajander (Prime minister) details |
| First Costa Rican Republic | León Cortés Castro (President) details |
| France | Albert François Lebrun (President); Camille Chautemps (President of the Council of ministers); Léon Blum (President of the Council of ministers); Édouard Daladier (President of the Council of ministers) details |
| French Protectorate of Cambodia | Sisowath Monivong (King) details |
| Guatemala | Jorge Ubico (President) details |
| Honduras | Tiburcio Carías Andino (President) details |
| Imperial State of Iran | Reza Pahlavi (Shah) details |
| Ireland | Douglas Hyde (President); Éamon de Valera (Taoiseach) details |
| Kingdom of Afghanistan | Mohammed Zahir Shah (King); Mohammad Hashim Khan (Prime minister); Mohammad Zahir Shah (King) details |
| Kingdom of Bulgaria | Boris III (Tsar); Georgi Kyoseivanov (Prime minister) details |
| Kingdom of Burundi | Mwambutsa IV (King); Mwambutsa IV Bangiriceng (King) details |
| Kingdom of Egypt | Farouk I (King); Mohamed Mahmoud Pasha (Prime minister) details |
| Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946) | Miklós Horthy (Regent); Kálmán Darányi (Prime minister); Béla Imrédy (Prime minister) details |
| Kingdom of Iraq | Ghazi I (King); Jameel Al-Madfaai (Prime minister); Nuri al-Said (Prime minister) details |
| Kingdom of Italy | Victor Emmanuel III (king); Benito Mussolini (Prime minister) details |
| Kingdom of Romania | Carol II (King); Octavian Goga (Prime minister); Miron Cristea (Prime minister) details |
| Kingdom of Rwanda | Mutara III Rudahigwa (King) details |
| Kingdom of Tonga (1900–70) | Sālote Tupou III (King); Viliami Tungi Mailefihi (Prime minister) details |
| Latvia | Kārlis Ulmanis (President); Kārlis Ulmanis (Prime minister) details |
| Liberia | Edwin Barclay (President) details |
| Lithuania | Antanas Smetona (President); Juozas Tūbelis (Prime minister); Vladas Mironas (Prime minister) details |
| Luxembourg | Charlotte (Grand Duchess); Pierre Dupong (Prime minister) details |
| Mexico | Lázaro Cárdenas (President) details |
| Mongolian People's Republic | Dansranbilegiin Dogsom (Chairman); Anandyn Amar (Prime minister) details |
| Morocco | Mohammed V (Sultan) details |
| Muscat and Oman | Said III (Sultan) details |
| Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen | Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din (King) details |
| Nazi Germany | Adolf Hitler (Führer); Adolf Hitler (Chancellor) details |
| Nicaragua | Anastasio Somoza García (President) details |
| Norway | Haakon VII (King); Johan Nygaardsvold (Prime minister) details |
| Panama | Juan Demóstenes Arosemena (President) details |
| Peru | Óscar Benavides (Constitutional President) details |
| Philippines | Manuel L. Quezon (President) details |
| Presidential Republic (1925–1973) | Arturo Alessandri (President); Pedro Aguirre Cerda (President) details |
| Qatar | Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani (Emir) details |
| Republic of Cuba | Federico Laredo Brú (President) details |
| Republic of Haiti (1859–1957) | Sténio Vincent (President) details |
| Saudi Arabia | Ibn Saud (King) details |
| Second Polish Republic | Ignacy Mościcki (President); Felicjan Sławoj Składkowski (Prime minister) details |
| Second Portuguese Republic | Óscar Carmona (President); António de Oliveira Salazar (President of the Council of Minister); António de Oliveira Salazar (President of the Council of Ministers) details |
| Sheikhdom of Kuwait | Ahmad I (Sheikh) details |
| Soviet Union | Joseph Stalin (General Secretary); Mikhail Kalinin (Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Congress of Soviets); Vyacheslav Molotov (Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars); Mikhail Kalinin (Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet) details |
| Sweden | Gustaf V (King); Per Albin Hansson (Prime minister) details |
| Switzerland | Johannes Baumann (President of the Confederation) details |
| Thailand | Ananda Mahidol (King); Phraya Phahon Phonphayuhasena (Prime minister); Plaek Phibunsongkhram (Prime minister) details |
| The Netherlands | Wilhelmina (Queen); Hendrikus Colijn (Prime minister) details |
| Turkey | Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (President); İsmet İnönü (President); Celâl Bayar (Prime minister) details |
| Union of South Africa | George VI (King); J. B. M. Hertzog (Prime minister) details |
| United Kingdom | George VI (King); Neville Chamberlain (Prime minister) details |
| United States | Franklin D. Roosevelt (President) details |
| United States of Venezuela | Eleazar López Contreras (President) details |
| Uruguay | Gabriel Terra (President) details |
| Yugoslavia | Peter II (King) details |