Who ruled the world in 1880?
The age of revolutions: 64 states on the map for 1880, 64 with a known leader. Open the interactive map and move the slider to 1880 to see their borders.
| State | Led by in 1880 |
|---|---|
| Austro-Hungarian Empire | Franz Joseph I (emperor) |
| Bolivia | Narciso Campero (President) |
| Bornu Empire (Kanem–Bornu) | Umar Kura (Shehu) |
| Bourbon Restoration of Spain | Alfonso XII (King); Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (Prime minister) |
| Bruneian Empire | Abdul Momin (Sultan) |
| Buganda | Muteesa I (Kabaka) |
| Bunyoro | Kabalega (Omukama) |
| Dahomey | Glele (King) |
| Dendi Kingdom | Biyo Birma (Askiya) |
| Ecuador | Ignacio de Veintemilla (President) |
| El Salvador | Rafael Zaldívar (President) |
| Emirate of Afghanistan | Ayub Khan (Emir); Abdur Rahman Khan (Emir) |
| Emirate of Bukhara | Muzaffar al-Din bin Nasr-Allah (Amir) |
| Empire of Brazil | Pedro II (Emperor) |
| Empire of Japan | Meiji (Emperor) |
| Ethiopian Empire | Yohannes IV (Emperor) |
| First Costa Rican Republic | Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez (President) |
| France | Jules Grévy (President); Charles de Freycinet (President of the Council of ministers); Jules Ferry (President of the Council of ministers) |
| German Empire | William I (Emperor); Otto von Bismarck (Chancellor) |
| Hawaiian Kingdom | Kalākaua (King) |
| Honduras | Marco Aurelio Soto (President) |
| Joseon | Gojong (King) |
| Khedivate of Egypt | Tewfik Pasha (Khedive); Riaz Pasha (Prime minister) |
| Kingdom of Ashanti | Mensa Bonsu (Asantehene) |
| Kingdom of Benin | Adolo (Oba) |
| Kingdom of Burundi | Mwezi IV (King) |
| Kingdom of Greece | George I (King); Alexandros Koumoundouros (Prime minister); Charilaos Trikoupis (Prime minister); Alexandros Koumoundouros (Prime minister) |
| Kingdom of Italy | Umberto I (King); Benedetto Cairoli (Prime minister) |
| Kingdom of Rwanda | Kigeli IV Rwabugiri (King) |
| Kingdom of the Netherlands | William III (King); Theo van Lynden van Sandenburg (Prime minister) |
| Kuba Kingdom | Bope Mobinji (Nyim) |
| Liberia | Anthony W. Gardner (President) |
| Luba Empire | Kasongo a Kalombo (muLopwe) |
| Lunda Empire | Mbumb I Muteba Kat (Mwaant Yaav) |
| Luxembourg | William III (Grand Duke); Félix de Blochausen (Prime minister) |
| Merina Kingdom | Ranavalona II (Queen); Rainilaiarivony (Prime minister) |
| Muscat and Oman | Turki (Sultan) |
| Nguyễn dynasty | Tự Đức (Emperor) |
| Nicaragua | Joaquín Zavala (President) |
| Orange Free State | Johannes Henricus Brand (State President) |
| Ottoman Empire | Abdul Hamid II (Sultan); Mehmed Said Pasha (Grand Vizier); Kadri Pasha (Grand Vizier); Mehmed Said Pasha (Grand Vizier) |
| Oyo Empire | Adeyemi I Alowolodu (Alaafin) |
| Portugal | Luís I (King); Anselmo José Braamcamp (Prime minister) |
| Principality of Bulgaria | Alexander I (Prince) |
| Principality of Montenegro | Nikola I (Sovereign prince); Božo Petrović-Njegoš (President) |
| Principality of Serbia | Milan IV / I (Prince); Jovan Ristić (President of the ministry); Milan Piroćanac (President of the ministry) |
| Qing dynasty | Guangxu (Emperor) |
| Rattanakosin Kingdom | Chulalongkorn (King) |
| Republic of Haiti (1859–1957) | Lysius Salomon (President) |
| Russian Empire | Alexander II (Emperor); Pyotr Valuyev (Chairman of the committee of ministers) |
| Second Dominican Republic | Gregorio Luperón (President); Fernando Arturo de Meriño (President) |
| Sublime State of Persia | Naser al-Din (Shah) |
| Sultanate of Zanzibar | Barghash (Sultan) |
| Sweden–Norway | Oscar II (King); Louis Gerhard De Geer (Prime minister); Arvid Posse (Prime minister); Otto Richard Kierulf (Prime minister); Frederik Stang (Prime minister); Christian August Selmer (Prime minister) |
| Switzerland | Emil Welti (President of the Confederation) |
| Toucouleur Empire | Tidiani Tall (ruler) |
| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland | Victoria (Queen); Benjamin Disraeli (Prime minister); William Ewart Gladstone (Prime minister) |
| United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia/ Romanian United Principalities/ Romania | Carol I (Domnitor); Ion C. Brătianu (Prime minister) |
| United States of Colombia | Julián Trujillo Largacha (President); Rafael Núñez (President) |
| United States of Venezuela | Antonio Guzmán Blanco (President) |
| Uruguay | Lorenzo Latorre (President); Francisco Antonino Vidal (President) |
| Wadai Sultanate | Yusuf ibn 'Ali (Kolak) |
| Wassoulou Empire | Samori Ture (Faama) |
| Yeke Kingdom | Msiri (King) |